/offlinescanandfix Runs an offline scan and fix on the volume./spotfix NTFS only: Runs spot fixing on the volume /sdcleanup NTFS only: Garbage collect unneeded security descriptor data (implies /F).This may have a negative performance impact on other tasks running on the system. /perf NTFS only: (Must be used with "/scan") Uses more system resources to complete a scan as fast as possible./forceofflinefix NTFS only: (Must be used with "/scan") Bypass all online repair all defects found are queued for offline repair (i.e./B NTFS only: Re-evaluates bad clusters on the volume (implies /R) /scan NTFS only: Runs an online scan on the volume.C NTFS only: Skips checking of cycles within the folder structure. /I NTFS only: Performs a less vigorous check of index entries.All opened handles to the volume would then be invalid (implies /F). /X Forces the volume to dismount first if necessary.If size is not specified, displays current size. /L:size NTFS only: Changes the log file size to the specified number of kilobytes./R Locates bad sectors and recovers readable information (implies /F).On NTFS: Displays cleanup messages if any. /V On FAT/FAT32: Displays the full path and name of every file on the disk.filename FAT/FAT32 only: Specifies the files to check for fragmentation.volume Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon), mount point, or volume name.C:\>chkdsk /? Checks a disk and displays a status report.So, for the sake of completeness - and your geeky enjoyment - here they are: There are, of course, other parameters you can use with chkdsk. Fortunately, chkdsk was able to recover the sectors in my case, and everything went back to normal afterward. After a lot of troubleshooting, a chkdsk scan revealed I had bad sectors where my Outlook data file was stored. Even if you're just having strange problems with apps not loading or crashing that you haven't been able to resolve another way, you might consider checking the disk.įor example: I once had a problem where Outlook suddenly started crashing on me shortly after loading. Sometimes Windows will automatically run a scan during startup, but most often you'll have to do it yourself. You should also consider running it any time Windows has shut down abnormally - such as after a power loss or system crash. You may want to run chkdsk every few months as part of routine maintenance along with using a S.M.A.R.T. That may all sound very technical, but don't worry: you don't need to understand the ins and outs of how it works to know when you should run it. Chkdsk attempts to fix these problems by repairing soft bad sectors and marking hard bad sectors so they won't be used again. Bad sectors come in two forms: soft bad sectors, which can occur when data is written badly, and hard bad sectors, which can occur because of physical damage to the disk. Chkdsk can also optionally scan every sector on a disk volume looking for bad sectors.Such errors might include corrupt entries in a volume's master file table (MFT), bad security descriptors associated with files, or even misaligned time stamp or file size information about individual files.
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